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안티파가 무엇인가요?
안티파가 무엇인가요?
9월 2일자 한국일보 보도의 일부입니다.
▶ UC총장 “폭력은 금물, 보수논객 강연회 열려야”
▶ 낸시 펠로시 하원 민주당 대표도 ‘안티파’ 비판
버클리시에 휘몰아치는 사회적 혼란에 대해 대학과 민주당 측 임원들이 입을 열었다.제시 아레긴 버클리 시장은 또다른 폭력사태를 우려해 UC 버클리 대학 측에 이달 말 대학 캠퍼스에서 열릴 보수논객 강연회를 취소할 것을 요청했다.
캐롤 크라이스트 UC 버클리 총장 또한 강연회 취소 여부 등을 두고 지난 23일 “무력행사를 통해 서로의 생각을 억제하는 것보다 상대방의 의견을 듣고 토론을 통해 뚜렷한 주관을 길러내는 것이 훨씬 더 올바르게 우리 자신을 보호하는 방법”이라며 견해를 밝혔다.
한편 지난 27일 버클리 폭력사태의 주범을 반극우 단체 ‘안티파’로 지목한 아레긴 시장에 이어 낸시 펠로시 하원 민주당 원내대표 또한 ‘안티파’의 폭력행보를 비난했다.
펠로시 원내대표는 “우리의 민주주의는 목적이 무엇이든지 간에 폭력 행사를 용납하지 않는다”면서 “버클리시에서 활동하는 자칭 ‘안티파’라는 무리의 과격 행위는 비난받아야 마땅하다”고 말했다.
Antifa (United States)
앤티퍼나 앤티파라고하고 뉴스에 가끔 등장하는데 앞으로는 더 자주 나올듯하여 소개합니다.
또 다른 사회 불안 요소 인듯하고 폭력으로 자신들의 주장을 펼치는데 주저함이 없습니다.
백인들의 인종차별 시위 현장에도 어김없이 등장해서 폭력을 사용합니다.
미국의 종북좌빨 개념입니다.
미국의 극극좌 개념 정도로 생각하면 될것 같습니다.
폭력에 대항한 평화적인 해결이 아닌 폭력으로의 해결을 추구합니다.
보면 행동강령도 해산된 통진당의 그것과 비슷합니다.
한국의 새민중정당과도 비슷한데 다른점은 과격하고 폭력적입니다.
중동지역에도 있어서 구호만으로 끝나지 않고 직접 군대를 구성해서 isis와 전투도 치룹니다.
철저하게 계급체계도 있고 명령에 절대 복종한답니다.
밑에 보시면 아시겠지만 급조된 조직이나 신흥세력이 아니고 1932년 히틀러와 무솔로니에 대항해서 독일 공산당이 주축이 돼서 만들어지고 오늘에는 미국에만 200개 조직이 활동한답니다.
이념은 반정부 반 자본주의입니다.
미국 정부에서는 자생적 폭력 테러리스트로 규정합니다.
밑에 원문을 참조하시기바랍니다.
파시즘 반대운동 (Anti-fascism) 1980년대 초반부터 다시 확산된 안티파시즘 (Antifaschismus)과 안티파 행동강령(Antifaschistische Aktion) 의 약어입니다.
가끔 언론 보도를 통해서 접해보긴 했는데 정확한 의미를 몰라서 찾아봤습니다.
한국 언론이 말하지 않는 ‘안티파(ANTIFA)’의 실체,,美UC버클리大 폭동·샬롯츠빌 폭동, 모두 ‘안티파’ 연루 새로운 페미니즘, 반사회적 이념 단체를 아는 사람은 드물다.반사회적 단체들이 서로 합류하여 시위를 하는 새로운 스타일의 페미니스트들의 극단적 좌파행동을 말한다.
언론보도나 공개자료 등에 따르면, 2010년 이후 ‘안티파’는 영국, 독일뿐만 아니라 그리스, 러시아, 오스트리아, 미국 등에서도 그 활동이 나타나고 있다.
2014년 9월 테러조직 ‘대쉬(ISIS)’가 이라크와 시리아에서 학살을 시작하자 ‘국제자유대대’라는 이름으로 민병대를 조직, 전투에도 참전한 것으로 알려져 있다.‘페이스 골디’는 “샬롯츠빌 폭동 당시 백인우월주의자나 인종차별주의자 진영이 먼저 폭력을 행사한 것이 아니다”라며
“수천여 명의 ‘안티파’와 ‘BLM(Black Lives Matters, 흑인도 중요하다는 뜻의 흑인우월주의자들)’이 실력 행사를 먼저 했다”며 “샬롯츠빌 폭동에서 백인우월주의자의 차량 돌진으로 좌파 시위대에서 사상자가 발생한 것은 안타깝지만 좌파 진영 내에 통제를 할 수 없는 세력들이 나타난 것을 더 우려해야한다”고 주장했다소식 통에 의하면 이 같은 ‘안티파’는 현재 美주류 언론들에게는 ‘인종차별 반대주의운동’이라고 불린다.
하지만 이들은 반정부·반자본주의를 목표로 하는 극단적 좌파로, 자신들의 목적을 달성하기 위해 폭력을 선호하는 ‘반사회적 이념단체’다.
History
Further information: Antifa movements
Militant anti-fascism dates back to the 1920s: anti-fascists were involved in battles against Benito Mussolini’s Blackshirts, Adolf Hitler’s Brownshirts, Francisco Franco's nationalist army, Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, and American pro-Nazi organizations such as the Friends of New Germany.[21] Although there is no organizational connection, the lineage of Antifa in America can be traced to Weimar Germany,[22] where the first group described as Antifa was Antifaschistische Aktion, formed in 1932 by the Communist Party of Germany.[23]
Anti-Racist Action (ARA), which came from the punk and skinhead scene of the late 1980s,[24] [3] is the direct precursor of many if not most contemporary US antifa groups.
Other antifa groups in the US have other genealogies. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, a group called the Baldies formed in 1987 with the intent to fight neo-Nazi groups directly.[12]
Activities
Antifa is composed of autonomous groups, and thus has no formal organization.[3] [25] Antifa groups either form loose support networks, such as NYC Antifa, or operate independently.[26]
Activists typically organize protests via social media and through websites and email lists.[3] [25] According to Salon it is an organizing strategy, not a group of people.[27] While its membership numbers cannot be estimated accurately, the movement has grown since the election of Donald Trump; approximately 200 groups currently exist in the US, of varying sizes and levels of engagement.[22]
Although Antifa engages in community organizing[citation needed], fund raising, the tracking of on-line Nazis, and according to two prominent members even disaster response (as with Hurricane Harvey),[28] [29] it is commonly associated with physical violence in public against police[30] and against people whose political views its members deem repugnant,[31] [32] as well as a willingness to merely engage in a show of force if need be. (In this regard, a manual posted on It's Going Down, an anarchist website,
warns against accepting
"people who just want to fight."
It furthermore notes that "physically confronting and defending against fascists is a necessary part of anti-fascist work, but is not the only or even necessarily the most important part.")
[33] Antifa groups, along with black bloc activists, were among those who protested the 2016 election of Donald Trump.
During the inauguration celebrations mask-wearing "black bloc" protesters raged across the area just outside of the security perimeter, smashing windows and burning cars.[36]
According to Peter Beinart, Antifa activists "combat white supremacism not by trying to change government policy but through direct action. They try to publicly identify white supremacists and get them fired from their jobs and evicted from their apartments," in addition to "disrupt(ing) white-supremacist rallies, including by force."[37]
Notable street protests and violence
Antifa protesters participated in the 2017 Berkeley protests on February 1, where they gained mainstream media attention, "throwing Molotov cocktails and smashing windows;" causing $100,000 worth of damage.[38] [9] [25] Later, two Antifa groups threatened to disrupt the 82nd Avenue of Roses Parade after hearing the Multnomah County Republican Party would participate.
The parade organizers received an anonymous email, saying, "You have seen how much power we have downtown and that the police cannot stop us from shutting down roads so please consider your decision wisely".
The email also said that 200 people would "rush into the parade" and "drag and push" those marching with the Republican Party.
The two groups denied having anything to do with the email. The parade was ultimately canceled by the organizers due to safety concerns.[39] [40]
On June 15, 2017, Antifa members joined protestors at Evergreen State College to oppose Patriot Prayer's event. Patriot Prayer was supporting biology professor Bret Weinstein who became the central figure in a controversy after he criticized changes to one of the college's racial healing events. In addition to the peaceful Antifa members who held up a "community love" sign, USA Today reported that one slashed the tires of conservative activist Joey Gibson and another was subdued by police after being seen with a knife.[41]
Antifa counter protestors at the far-right 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia in August "certainly used clubs and dyed liquids against the white supremacists.“
[42] Journalist Adele Stan interviewed an Antifa protester at the rally who said that the sticks carried by Antifa protesters are a justifiable countermeasure to the fact that "the right has a goon squad.“
[43] Some Antifa participants at the Charlottesville rally chanted that counter-protesters should "punch a Nazi in the mouth."[44] Antifa participants also protected Cornel West and various clergy from attack by white supremacists. West said that he felt that Antifa had "saved his life";[45] clergy expressed similar sentiments.[46]
Another religious leader stated that Antifa defended the First United Methodist Church, where the Charlottesville Clergy Collective provided refreshments, music and training to the counter-protesters, and "chased (the white supremacists) off with sticks".[45] [47]
Groups that had been preparing to protest the Boston Free Speech Rally saw their plans become viral following the violence in Charlottesville. The event drew a largely peaceful crowd of 40,000 counter-protestors.
McKay Coppins in The Atlantic stated that the 33 people arrested for violent incidents were "mostly egged on by the minority of 'antifa' agitators in the crowd."[48] Antifa also participated in the protests in Phoenix, Arizona on August 22, on the occasion of a Trump rally. “
They've got clubs and they've got everything," President Trump said of the far-left anti-fascist group accused of instigating violence against white supremacists and other members of the "alt-right." During a Berkeley protest on August 27, an estimated hundred Antifa protesters infiltrated a crowd of 2,000–4,000 counter-protesters to attack the "handful" of alt-right demonstrators who showed up for a "Say No to Marxism" rally that had been cancelled by organizers due to security concerns. Antifa activists, beat and kicked the unarmed handful of right-wing demonstrators, and threatened to smash the cameras of journalists.[38]
[49] Jesse Arreguin, the mayor of Berkeley, suggested classifying the city's Antifa as a gang.[50]
The group Patriot Prayer cancelled an event in San Francisco following counter protests; Joey Gibson, the founder of Patriots Prayer blamed Antifa, along with By Any Means Necessary, for breaking up the event.[51]
Approaches
According to National Public Radio, "People who speak for the Antifa movement acknowledge they sometimes carry clubs and sticks," and their "approach is confrontational."[44] CNN describes Antifa as "known for causing damage to property during protests."[9] scott crow, described by CNN as "a longtime Antifa organizer," argues that destroying property is not a form of violence.[9]
According to Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at the California State University, San Bernardino, Antifa activists participate in violent actions because "they believe that elites are controlling the government and the media. So they need to make a statement head-on against the people who they regard as racist."[9] According to Mark Bray, a lecturer at Dartmouth's Gender Research Institute and author of Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook, its adherents are mostly socialists, anarchists, and communists who "reject turning to the police or the state to halt the advance of white supremacy. Instead they advocate popular opposition to fascism as we witnessed in Charlottesville."[52]
According to Antifa organizer Scott Crow, Antifa is based on the idea of direct action, "The idea in Antifa is that we go where they (right-wingers) go. That hate speech is not free speech.
That if you are endangering people with what you say and the actions that are behind them, then you do not have the right to do that. And so we go to cause conflict, to shut them down where they are, because we don't believe that Nazis or fascists of any stripe should have a mouthpiece."[9]
In June 2017 Antifa was linked to anarchist extremism by the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness.[53] Confidential documents examined by Politico reportedly indicate that in April 2016, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigations believed that "anarchist extremists" were behind various acts of political violence. Politico interviewed law enforcement officials,
who noted a rise in activity since the beginning of the Trump administration, and particularly a rise in recruitment (and on the part of the far right as well) since Charlottesville; they have admitted having difficulty getting a handle on Antifa's sudden prominence, given certain deficiencies in their intelligence.[14]
Criticism
Mainstream
Antifa actions have been subject to criticism from Republicans, Democrats and political commentators in the U.S. media.
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi condemned the violence of Antifa in Berkeley on August 29th, 2017.[57] Conservative talk show host and Fox News contributor Laura Ingraham suggested labeling Antifa as a terrorist organization.
[58] Trevor Noah, host of the popular late-night show The Daily Show said Antifa are "Vegan ISIS".[59] Several Antifa protesters have been arrested for property damage, assault with a deadly weapon and other charges.[60] [61]
Anarchism
The nature and activities of Antifa have been debated amongst the anarchists themselves; the anarchist website It’s Going Down published a critique of Antifa in November 2016 (originally from Lucha No Feik), entitled "On Antifa: Some Critical Notes".[62]
The article criticised Antifa for essentially being a reactive, rather than a proactive force. The article argues that Antifa are too hyper-focused on micro Neo-Nazi groups or single figures such as President Donald Trump, instead of "analyzing the structural nature of our racist society."[62] The article stated that the Antifa's ideological position was "but a few steps removed from the Liberal position that we should just all get along."[62] It also pointed out that Antifa did not protest against the administration of President Barack Obama.[62]
White House petition
In August 2017, the White House petitioning system We the People gathered more than 100,000 signatures requesting Antifa be classified as a terrorist organization in three days, and therefore must receive an official review and response from the White House; at over 300,000 signatures, it is currently the third most-signed submission posted.[63] However the precedent set by the Obama administration of issuing formal responses to petitions which exceed the 100,000 signature threshold has not been continued by the Trump administration, which has not responded to any petitions on the site.[64] The originator of the Antifa petition, who goes by the nom de plume Microchip, remarked to Politico that getting conservatives to share and discuss the petition was the entire point, rather than prompting any concrete action by the government.[65]
Twitter spoofing
Antifa has also been targeted by a smear campaign by elements of the far-right.[66] In August 2017, the image of British actress Anna Friel portraying a battered woman in a 2007 Women's Aid anti-domestic violence campaign was re-purposed using fake Antifa Twitter accounts organized by way of 4chan, which was discovered after an investigation by Bellingcat researcher Eliot Higgins. The image is captioned "53% of white women voted for Trump, 53% of white women should look like this" and includes the Antifa flag; another image featuring an injured woman is captioned "She chose to be a Nazi. Choices have consequences," and includes the hashtag #PunchANazi. Eliot Higgins remarked to the BBC that "This was a transparent and quite pathetic attempt, but I wouldn't be surprised if white nationalist groups try to mount more sophisticated attacks in the future".[67] According to ProPublica, "Russian influence operations have been promoting hashtags for Charlottesville such as 'antifa'".[68] Nafeesa Syeed of Bloomberg reported that "The most-tweeted link in the Russian-linked network followed by the researchers was a petition to declare Antifa a terrorist group."[69]
9월 2일자 한국일보 보도의 일부입니다.
▶ UC총장 “폭력은 금물, 보수논객 강연회 열려야”
▶ 낸시 펠로시 하원 민주당 대표도 ‘안티파’ 비판
버클리시에 휘몰아치는 사회적 혼란에 대해 대학과 민주당 측 임원들이 입을 열었다.제시 아레긴 버클리 시장은 또다른 폭력사태를 우려해 UC 버클리 대학 측에 이달 말 대학 캠퍼스에서 열릴 보수논객 강연회를 취소할 것을 요청했다.
캐롤 크라이스트 UC 버클리 총장 또한 강연회 취소 여부 등을 두고 지난 23일 “무력행사를 통해 서로의 생각을 억제하는 것보다 상대방의 의견을 듣고 토론을 통해 뚜렷한 주관을 길러내는 것이 훨씬 더 올바르게 우리 자신을 보호하는 방법”이라며 견해를 밝혔다.
한편 지난 27일 버클리 폭력사태의 주범을 반극우 단체 ‘안티파’로 지목한 아레긴 시장에 이어 낸시 펠로시 하원 민주당 원내대표 또한 ‘안티파’의 폭력행보를 비난했다.
펠로시 원내대표는 “우리의 민주주의는 목적이 무엇이든지 간에 폭력 행사를 용납하지 않는다”면서 “버클리시에서 활동하는 자칭 ‘안티파’라는 무리의 과격 행위는 비난받아야 마땅하다”고 말했다.
Antifa (United States)
앤티퍼나 앤티파라고하고 뉴스에 가끔 등장하는데 앞으로는 더 자주 나올듯하여 소개합니다.
또 다른 사회 불안 요소 인듯하고 폭력으로 자신들의 주장을 펼치는데 주저함이 없습니다.
백인들의 인종차별 시위 현장에도 어김없이 등장해서 폭력을 사용합니다.
미국의 종북좌빨 개념입니다.
미국의 극극좌 개념 정도로 생각하면 될것 같습니다.
폭력에 대항한 평화적인 해결이 아닌 폭력으로의 해결을 추구합니다.
보면 행동강령도 해산된 통진당의 그것과 비슷합니다.
한국의 새민중정당과도 비슷한데 다른점은 과격하고 폭력적입니다.
중동지역에도 있어서 구호만으로 끝나지 않고 직접 군대를 구성해서 isis와 전투도 치룹니다.
철저하게 계급체계도 있고 명령에 절대 복종한답니다.
밑에 보시면 아시겠지만 급조된 조직이나 신흥세력이 아니고 1932년 히틀러와 무솔로니에 대항해서 독일 공산당이 주축이 돼서 만들어지고 오늘에는 미국에만 200개 조직이 활동한답니다.
이념은 반정부 반 자본주의입니다.
미국 정부에서는 자생적 폭력 테러리스트로 규정합니다.
밑에 원문을 참조하시기바랍니다.
파시즘 반대운동 (Anti-fascism) 1980년대 초반부터 다시 확산된 안티파시즘 (Antifaschismus)과 안티파 행동강령(Antifaschistische Aktion) 의 약어입니다.
가끔 언론 보도를 통해서 접해보긴 했는데 정확한 의미를 몰라서 찾아봤습니다.
한국 언론이 말하지 않는 ‘안티파(ANTIFA)’의 실체,,美UC버클리大 폭동·샬롯츠빌 폭동, 모두 ‘안티파’ 연루 새로운 페미니즘, 반사회적 이념 단체를 아는 사람은 드물다.반사회적 단체들이 서로 합류하여 시위를 하는 새로운 스타일의 페미니스트들의 극단적 좌파행동을 말한다.
언론보도나 공개자료 등에 따르면, 2010년 이후 ‘안티파’는 영국, 독일뿐만 아니라 그리스, 러시아, 오스트리아, 미국 등에서도 그 활동이 나타나고 있다.
2014년 9월 테러조직 ‘대쉬(ISIS)’가 이라크와 시리아에서 학살을 시작하자 ‘국제자유대대’라는 이름으로 민병대를 조직, 전투에도 참전한 것으로 알려져 있다.‘페이스 골디’는 “샬롯츠빌 폭동 당시 백인우월주의자나 인종차별주의자 진영이 먼저 폭력을 행사한 것이 아니다”라며
“수천여 명의 ‘안티파’와 ‘BLM(Black Lives Matters, 흑인도 중요하다는 뜻의 흑인우월주의자들)’이 실력 행사를 먼저 했다”며 “샬롯츠빌 폭동에서 백인우월주의자의 차량 돌진으로 좌파 시위대에서 사상자가 발생한 것은 안타깝지만 좌파 진영 내에 통제를 할 수 없는 세력들이 나타난 것을 더 우려해야한다”고 주장했다소식 통에 의하면 이 같은 ‘안티파’는 현재 美주류 언론들에게는 ‘인종차별 반대주의운동’이라고 불린다.
하지만 이들은 반정부·반자본주의를 목표로 하는 극단적 좌파로, 자신들의 목적을 달성하기 위해 폭력을 선호하는 ‘반사회적 이념단체’다.
History
Further information: Antifa movements
Militant anti-fascism dates back to the 1920s: anti-fascists were involved in battles against Benito Mussolini’s Blackshirts, Adolf Hitler’s Brownshirts, Francisco Franco's nationalist army, Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, and American pro-Nazi organizations such as the Friends of New Germany.[21] Although there is no organizational connection, the lineage of Antifa in America can be traced to Weimar Germany,[22] where the first group described as Antifa was Antifaschistische Aktion, formed in 1932 by the Communist Party of Germany.[23]
Anti-Racist Action (ARA), which came from the punk and skinhead scene of the late 1980s,[24] [3] is the direct precursor of many if not most contemporary US antifa groups.
Other antifa groups in the US have other genealogies. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, a group called the Baldies formed in 1987 with the intent to fight neo-Nazi groups directly.[12]
Activities
Antifa is composed of autonomous groups, and thus has no formal organization.[3] [25] Antifa groups either form loose support networks, such as NYC Antifa, or operate independently.[26]
Activists typically organize protests via social media and through websites and email lists.[3] [25] According to Salon it is an organizing strategy, not a group of people.[27] While its membership numbers cannot be estimated accurately, the movement has grown since the election of Donald Trump; approximately 200 groups currently exist in the US, of varying sizes and levels of engagement.[22]
Although Antifa engages in community organizing[citation needed], fund raising, the tracking of on-line Nazis, and according to two prominent members even disaster response (as with Hurricane Harvey),[28] [29] it is commonly associated with physical violence in public against police[30] and against people whose political views its members deem repugnant,[31] [32] as well as a willingness to merely engage in a show of force if need be. (In this regard, a manual posted on It's Going Down, an anarchist website,
warns against accepting
"people who just want to fight."
It furthermore notes that "physically confronting and defending against fascists is a necessary part of anti-fascist work, but is not the only or even necessarily the most important part.")
[33] Antifa groups, along with black bloc activists, were among those who protested the 2016 election of Donald Trump.
During the inauguration celebrations mask-wearing "black bloc" protesters raged across the area just outside of the security perimeter, smashing windows and burning cars.[36]
According to Peter Beinart, Antifa activists "combat white supremacism not by trying to change government policy but through direct action. They try to publicly identify white supremacists and get them fired from their jobs and evicted from their apartments," in addition to "disrupt(ing) white-supremacist rallies, including by force."[37]
Notable street protests and violence
Antifa protesters participated in the 2017 Berkeley protests on February 1, where they gained mainstream media attention, "throwing Molotov cocktails and smashing windows;" causing $100,000 worth of damage.[38] [9] [25] Later, two Antifa groups threatened to disrupt the 82nd Avenue of Roses Parade after hearing the Multnomah County Republican Party would participate.
The parade organizers received an anonymous email, saying, "You have seen how much power we have downtown and that the police cannot stop us from shutting down roads so please consider your decision wisely".
The email also said that 200 people would "rush into the parade" and "drag and push" those marching with the Republican Party.
The two groups denied having anything to do with the email. The parade was ultimately canceled by the organizers due to safety concerns.[39] [40]
On June 15, 2017, Antifa members joined protestors at Evergreen State College to oppose Patriot Prayer's event. Patriot Prayer was supporting biology professor Bret Weinstein who became the central figure in a controversy after he criticized changes to one of the college's racial healing events. In addition to the peaceful Antifa members who held up a "community love" sign, USA Today reported that one slashed the tires of conservative activist Joey Gibson and another was subdued by police after being seen with a knife.[41]
Antifa counter protestors at the far-right 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia in August "certainly used clubs and dyed liquids against the white supremacists.“
[42] Journalist Adele Stan interviewed an Antifa protester at the rally who said that the sticks carried by Antifa protesters are a justifiable countermeasure to the fact that "the right has a goon squad.“
[43] Some Antifa participants at the Charlottesville rally chanted that counter-protesters should "punch a Nazi in the mouth."[44] Antifa participants also protected Cornel West and various clergy from attack by white supremacists. West said that he felt that Antifa had "saved his life";[45] clergy expressed similar sentiments.[46]
Another religious leader stated that Antifa defended the First United Methodist Church, where the Charlottesville Clergy Collective provided refreshments, music and training to the counter-protesters, and "chased (the white supremacists) off with sticks".[45] [47]
Groups that had been preparing to protest the Boston Free Speech Rally saw their plans become viral following the violence in Charlottesville. The event drew a largely peaceful crowd of 40,000 counter-protestors.
McKay Coppins in The Atlantic stated that the 33 people arrested for violent incidents were "mostly egged on by the minority of 'antifa' agitators in the crowd."[48] Antifa also participated in the protests in Phoenix, Arizona on August 22, on the occasion of a Trump rally. “
They've got clubs and they've got everything," President Trump said of the far-left anti-fascist group accused of instigating violence against white supremacists and other members of the "alt-right." During a Berkeley protest on August 27, an estimated hundred Antifa protesters infiltrated a crowd of 2,000–4,000 counter-protesters to attack the "handful" of alt-right demonstrators who showed up for a "Say No to Marxism" rally that had been cancelled by organizers due to security concerns. Antifa activists, beat and kicked the unarmed handful of right-wing demonstrators, and threatened to smash the cameras of journalists.[38]
[49] Jesse Arreguin, the mayor of Berkeley, suggested classifying the city's Antifa as a gang.[50]
The group Patriot Prayer cancelled an event in San Francisco following counter protests; Joey Gibson, the founder of Patriots Prayer blamed Antifa, along with By Any Means Necessary, for breaking up the event.[51]
Approaches
According to National Public Radio, "People who speak for the Antifa movement acknowledge they sometimes carry clubs and sticks," and their "approach is confrontational."[44] CNN describes Antifa as "known for causing damage to property during protests."[9] scott crow, described by CNN as "a longtime Antifa organizer," argues that destroying property is not a form of violence.[9]
According to Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at the California State University, San Bernardino, Antifa activists participate in violent actions because "they believe that elites are controlling the government and the media. So they need to make a statement head-on against the people who they regard as racist."[9] According to Mark Bray, a lecturer at Dartmouth's Gender Research Institute and author of Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook, its adherents are mostly socialists, anarchists, and communists who "reject turning to the police or the state to halt the advance of white supremacy. Instead they advocate popular opposition to fascism as we witnessed in Charlottesville."[52]
According to Antifa organizer Scott Crow, Antifa is based on the idea of direct action, "The idea in Antifa is that we go where they (right-wingers) go. That hate speech is not free speech.
That if you are endangering people with what you say and the actions that are behind them, then you do not have the right to do that. And so we go to cause conflict, to shut them down where they are, because we don't believe that Nazis or fascists of any stripe should have a mouthpiece."[9]
In June 2017 Antifa was linked to anarchist extremism by the New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness.[53] Confidential documents examined by Politico reportedly indicate that in April 2016, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigations believed that "anarchist extremists" were behind various acts of political violence. Politico interviewed law enforcement officials,
who noted a rise in activity since the beginning of the Trump administration, and particularly a rise in recruitment (and on the part of the far right as well) since Charlottesville; they have admitted having difficulty getting a handle on Antifa's sudden prominence, given certain deficiencies in their intelligence.[14]
Criticism
Mainstream
Antifa actions have been subject to criticism from Republicans, Democrats and political commentators in the U.S. media.
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi condemned the violence of Antifa in Berkeley on August 29th, 2017.[57] Conservative talk show host and Fox News contributor Laura Ingraham suggested labeling Antifa as a terrorist organization.
[58] Trevor Noah, host of the popular late-night show The Daily Show said Antifa are "Vegan ISIS".[59] Several Antifa protesters have been arrested for property damage, assault with a deadly weapon and other charges.[60] [61]
Anarchism
The nature and activities of Antifa have been debated amongst the anarchists themselves; the anarchist website It’s Going Down published a critique of Antifa in November 2016 (originally from Lucha No Feik), entitled "On Antifa: Some Critical Notes".[62]
The article criticised Antifa for essentially being a reactive, rather than a proactive force. The article argues that Antifa are too hyper-focused on micro Neo-Nazi groups or single figures such as President Donald Trump, instead of "analyzing the structural nature of our racist society."[62] The article stated that the Antifa's ideological position was "but a few steps removed from the Liberal position that we should just all get along."[62] It also pointed out that Antifa did not protest against the administration of President Barack Obama.[62]
White House petition
In August 2017, the White House petitioning system We the People gathered more than 100,000 signatures requesting Antifa be classified as a terrorist organization in three days, and therefore must receive an official review and response from the White House; at over 300,000 signatures, it is currently the third most-signed submission posted.[63] However the precedent set by the Obama administration of issuing formal responses to petitions which exceed the 100,000 signature threshold has not been continued by the Trump administration, which has not responded to any petitions on the site.[64] The originator of the Antifa petition, who goes by the nom de plume Microchip, remarked to Politico that getting conservatives to share and discuss the petition was the entire point, rather than prompting any concrete action by the government.[65]
Twitter spoofing
Antifa has also been targeted by a smear campaign by elements of the far-right.[66] In August 2017, the image of British actress Anna Friel portraying a battered woman in a 2007 Women's Aid anti-domestic violence campaign was re-purposed using fake Antifa Twitter accounts organized by way of 4chan, which was discovered after an investigation by Bellingcat researcher Eliot Higgins. The image is captioned "53% of white women voted for Trump, 53% of white women should look like this" and includes the Antifa flag; another image featuring an injured woman is captioned "She chose to be a Nazi. Choices have consequences," and includes the hashtag #PunchANazi. Eliot Higgins remarked to the BBC that "This was a transparent and quite pathetic attempt, but I wouldn't be surprised if white nationalist groups try to mount more sophisticated attacks in the future".[67] According to ProPublica, "Russian influence operations have been promoting hashtags for Charlottesville such as 'antifa'".[68] Nafeesa Syeed of Bloomberg reported that "The most-tweeted link in the Russian-linked network followed by the researchers was a petition to declare Antifa a terrorist group."[69]
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